Did you know that the largest pilgrimage in Slovak history took place on July 3, 1995, in the presence of Pope John Paul II? At that time, up to 650,000 pilgrims headed to Mariánska hora. What else makes this pilgrimage site special?
Levoča – the pearl of Spiš
Before Levoča became an important pilgrimage site, it had already been one of the main centers of the Spiš region since the 13th century. In the 14th and 15th centuries, Levoča became a member of the Spiš League of Towns and later an important cultural and educational hub, home to renowned scholars and artists. This period also saw the construction of St. James’ Church with the altar of Master Paul of Levoča, which today ranks among Slovakia’s most significant Gothic monuments.
Other notable landmarks in Levoča include the beautiful historic town hall, the cage of shame, city walls, burgher houses (such as the Thurzo House and the House of Master Paul), and the entire historical center, which is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Pilgrimages began with a “miracle” on Mariánska hora
Pilgrimages to Levoča were sparked by an event linked to the legend of a miraculous intervention by the Virgin Mary. According to tradition, during the Tatar invasion in the 13th century, the residents of Levoča and surrounding villages sought refuge on Mariánska hora, located north of the town. The attacking Tatars reportedly failed to conquer the hill, which the locals attributed to the miraculous protection of the Virgin Mary. As a token of gratitude and reverence, a chapel was built there, becoming the destination of the first pilgrims. The pilgrimage tradition developed further, especially from the 14th century, when Mariánska hora became an official center of Marian devotion. The statue of the Levoča Madonna was later declared miraculous and full of grace, though these miracles have not been officially recognized by the Catholic Church.
The Basilica of the Visitation of the Virgin Mary on Mariánska hora is a true gem
The main destination for pilgrims in Levoča is the Basilica of the Visitation of the Virgin Mary, which houses the original Gothic statue of the Virgin Mary from the second half of the 15th century. In 1984, Pope John Paul II granted it the status of a minor basilica. Unlike other pilgrimage sites, there is no traditional Calvary here. The most significant pilgrimage takes place annually on the Feast of the Visitation of the Virgin Mary, celebrated by the Church on the first Sunday of July (the so-called main Levoča pilgrimage). The panoramic views from Mariánska hora are breathtaking, making it a must-visit for nature lovers and those who appreciate scenic landscapes.